Phosphorus fractions influenced by liming in acid soil /
Wanniang ,Bishar
Phosphorus fractions influenced by liming in acid soil / Bishar Wanniang. - Umiam ; CPGS-AS, CAU , December 2021. - xiii, 102p. : ill., some col.; 30 cm. - [Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, School of Natural Resource Management] .
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstract:
The soil phosphorus (P) is deficient in acidic soils due to slow diffusion and high complexed with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) (Adnan et al., 2003). In India, the strongly and moderately acidic soil covers about 6.24 Mha and 24.41 Mha which makes up about 1.9 % of TGA and 7.4 % of TGA, respectively (Maji et al., 2012). Nearly 65 to 95 % of acidic soil in North-Eastern Region (NER) of India has pH < 5.5 (Sharma and Singh, 2002) and developed due to intensive weathering and leaching and replacement of bases with Fe and Al under high rainfall and tropical climate. Total soil P represents the P level in soil and not cleared indicator of crop production, the quantification of different soil P fractions will help in quantification of plant available P for better crop production (Priyadarshi et al., 2018). An incubation study was conducted to know the influence of lime on the different P fractions through a sequential extraction method ( Peterson and Corey, 1966) at CPGS-AS, CAU (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya with nine different lime treatments T0- Control ( No liming), T1- Lime @ 1 t ha-1, T2- Lime @ 2 t ha-1, T3 - Lime @ 3 t ha-1, T4 - Lime @ 4 t ha-1, T5- Lime @ 5 t ha-1, T6- Lime @ 6 t ha-1, T7- Lime @ 7 t ha-1 and T8- Lime @ 8 t ha-1 in CRD with three replications.
The result clearly depicted that plant available P (Avl P) varied from 2.82 to 6.75 ppm, gradually increased with lime and incubation period. Avl P of T2 (lime @ 2 t ha-1) was significantly higher at 90 days of incubation (DOI) than other lime treatments. The Sal-P ranged from 6.60 to 11.46 ppm, a sharp increase in Sal-P was found between 0 - 45 DOI, later attained quasi-equilibrium till 90 DOI. The highest Sal-P (11.46 ppm at 30 DOI and 9.84 ppm at 45 DOI) at treatment T1 (1 t ha -1) was at par with T2 and T3. The Al-P was varied between 30.47 to 52.64 ppm. The minimum Al-P (P fixed by Al) was at T1 at 75 DOI and T5 (lime @ 5t ha-1) and maximum at 90 DOI. It was cleared that the T4 and T6 significantly increased P availability from Fe-P (26.24 and 25.57 ppm) at 60 DOI and maximum P fixation as Fe-P (79.94 ppm) was found with T2 at 30 DOI. The Red-P fraction ranged from 29.19 to 59.28 ppm, the minimum P fixed as Red-P was found with T4 (29.19 ppm) at 75 DOI and maximum fixation with T2 at 90 DOI. The Ca-P (Ca bound P) fraction was ranged between 35.75 to 93.21 ppm and minimum P fixation as Ca-P with T7 at 90 DOI. The maximum P fixation as Ca-P was noticed at initial acidic soil irrespective of treatments. The Org-P ranged from 47.03 to 215.36 ppm and P fixation as Org-P increased with time of incubation and amount of lime. The Total P was found between 274.31 to 399.70 ppm and recorded the highest total P (399.70 ppm) with T2 at 75 DOI. The lowest was at 0 DOI without liming.
Lime treatments had a positive relation with Ca-P (r=0.72* at 45 DOI), Sal-P (r=0.87** at 60 DOI) and Avl P (r=0.89** at 60 DOI) but negative relation with Red-P (r= -0.97** at 0 DOI, -0.90** at 15 DOI and -0.86** at 30 DOI). Avl P had a positive relation with Sal-P (r=0.89** at 60 DOI) but negative relation with Al-P (r= -0.67* at 45 DOI) and Red-P (r=- 0.75* at 60 DOI). Sal-P had a negative relation with Red-P (r= -0.71* at 60 DOI) and a positive relation with Fe-P (r=0.83** at 0 DOI) which in turn, had a positive relation with Red-P (r=0.75* at 15 DOI). The Org-P had a significant positive correlation with Total-P (r=0.92** at 0 DOI, 0.95** at 15 DOI, 0.96** at 45 DOI, 0.89** at 60 DOI, 0.98** at 75 DOI and 0.96** at 90 DOI) irrespective of incubation period, however negative relation with Total Inorg-P (r= -0.85** at 15 DOI and -0.86* at 90 DOI) and Red-P (R=-0.69* at 30 DOI). Total Inorg-P had a positive relation with Fe-P (r=0.82** at 15 DOI, r=0.81** at 30 DOI, 0.68** at 45 DOI); Red-P (r=0.72* at 45 DOI); Ca-P (r=0.75* at 30 DOI, 0.85** at 90 DOI); Total P (r=0.75* at 75 DOI) but had a negative relation with lime treatments (r = -0.77* at 30 DOI) and Total P (r= -0.68* at 90 DOI). The Ca-P had a negative relation with Total P (r= -0.70* at 90 DOI) and Org-P (r= -0.81** at90 DOI) but positive with Fe-P (r=0.67* at 60 DOI).
The findings concluded that maximum changes of different P fractions from one form to another occurred between 30 - 60 DOI with lime @ 1 - 2 t ha-1. Therefore, it was suggested that for best amelioration lime @ 1 t ha-1 is effective for acid neutralization at 30-60 DOI.
Acid-soil conditioners--Lime.
Phosphorus content--Acid Soils.
631.821
Phosphorus fractions influenced by liming in acid soil / Bishar Wanniang. - Umiam ; CPGS-AS, CAU , December 2021. - xiii, 102p. : ill., some col.; 30 cm. - [Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, School of Natural Resource Management] .
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstract:
The soil phosphorus (P) is deficient in acidic soils due to slow diffusion and high complexed with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) (Adnan et al., 2003). In India, the strongly and moderately acidic soil covers about 6.24 Mha and 24.41 Mha which makes up about 1.9 % of TGA and 7.4 % of TGA, respectively (Maji et al., 2012). Nearly 65 to 95 % of acidic soil in North-Eastern Region (NER) of India has pH < 5.5 (Sharma and Singh, 2002) and developed due to intensive weathering and leaching and replacement of bases with Fe and Al under high rainfall and tropical climate. Total soil P represents the P level in soil and not cleared indicator of crop production, the quantification of different soil P fractions will help in quantification of plant available P for better crop production (Priyadarshi et al., 2018). An incubation study was conducted to know the influence of lime on the different P fractions through a sequential extraction method ( Peterson and Corey, 1966) at CPGS-AS, CAU (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya with nine different lime treatments T0- Control ( No liming), T1- Lime @ 1 t ha-1, T2- Lime @ 2 t ha-1, T3 - Lime @ 3 t ha-1, T4 - Lime @ 4 t ha-1, T5- Lime @ 5 t ha-1, T6- Lime @ 6 t ha-1, T7- Lime @ 7 t ha-1 and T8- Lime @ 8 t ha-1 in CRD with three replications.
The result clearly depicted that plant available P (Avl P) varied from 2.82 to 6.75 ppm, gradually increased with lime and incubation period. Avl P of T2 (lime @ 2 t ha-1) was significantly higher at 90 days of incubation (DOI) than other lime treatments. The Sal-P ranged from 6.60 to 11.46 ppm, a sharp increase in Sal-P was found between 0 - 45 DOI, later attained quasi-equilibrium till 90 DOI. The highest Sal-P (11.46 ppm at 30 DOI and 9.84 ppm at 45 DOI) at treatment T1 (1 t ha -1) was at par with T2 and T3. The Al-P was varied between 30.47 to 52.64 ppm. The minimum Al-P (P fixed by Al) was at T1 at 75 DOI and T5 (lime @ 5t ha-1) and maximum at 90 DOI. It was cleared that the T4 and T6 significantly increased P availability from Fe-P (26.24 and 25.57 ppm) at 60 DOI and maximum P fixation as Fe-P (79.94 ppm) was found with T2 at 30 DOI. The Red-P fraction ranged from 29.19 to 59.28 ppm, the minimum P fixed as Red-P was found with T4 (29.19 ppm) at 75 DOI and maximum fixation with T2 at 90 DOI. The Ca-P (Ca bound P) fraction was ranged between 35.75 to 93.21 ppm and minimum P fixation as Ca-P with T7 at 90 DOI. The maximum P fixation as Ca-P was noticed at initial acidic soil irrespective of treatments. The Org-P ranged from 47.03 to 215.36 ppm and P fixation as Org-P increased with time of incubation and amount of lime. The Total P was found between 274.31 to 399.70 ppm and recorded the highest total P (399.70 ppm) with T2 at 75 DOI. The lowest was at 0 DOI without liming.
Lime treatments had a positive relation with Ca-P (r=0.72* at 45 DOI), Sal-P (r=0.87** at 60 DOI) and Avl P (r=0.89** at 60 DOI) but negative relation with Red-P (r= -0.97** at 0 DOI, -0.90** at 15 DOI and -0.86** at 30 DOI). Avl P had a positive relation with Sal-P (r=0.89** at 60 DOI) but negative relation with Al-P (r= -0.67* at 45 DOI) and Red-P (r=- 0.75* at 60 DOI). Sal-P had a negative relation with Red-P (r= -0.71* at 60 DOI) and a positive relation with Fe-P (r=0.83** at 0 DOI) which in turn, had a positive relation with Red-P (r=0.75* at 15 DOI). The Org-P had a significant positive correlation with Total-P (r=0.92** at 0 DOI, 0.95** at 15 DOI, 0.96** at 45 DOI, 0.89** at 60 DOI, 0.98** at 75 DOI and 0.96** at 90 DOI) irrespective of incubation period, however negative relation with Total Inorg-P (r= -0.85** at 15 DOI and -0.86* at 90 DOI) and Red-P (R=-0.69* at 30 DOI). Total Inorg-P had a positive relation with Fe-P (r=0.82** at 15 DOI, r=0.81** at 30 DOI, 0.68** at 45 DOI); Red-P (r=0.72* at 45 DOI); Ca-P (r=0.75* at 30 DOI, 0.85** at 90 DOI); Total P (r=0.75* at 75 DOI) but had a negative relation with lime treatments (r = -0.77* at 30 DOI) and Total P (r= -0.68* at 90 DOI). The Ca-P had a negative relation with Total P (r= -0.70* at 90 DOI) and Org-P (r= -0.81** at90 DOI) but positive with Fe-P (r=0.67* at 60 DOI).
The findings concluded that maximum changes of different P fractions from one form to another occurred between 30 - 60 DOI with lime @ 1 - 2 t ha-1. Therefore, it was suggested that for best amelioration lime @ 1 t ha-1 is effective for acid neutralization at 30-60 DOI.
Acid-soil conditioners--Lime.
Phosphorus content--Acid Soils.
631.821