Turmeric (C. longa L.) is a member of the Zingiberaceae family and it is used for its culinary, dying, medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. Cultivation of turmeric is one of the most important sources of livelihood especially for the female farmers in Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya. The present study was conducted in Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya in order to work out the economics of turmeric with the specific objectives of estimating the cost of cultivation, to work out the resource use efficiency, to study the marketing system and to identify the major constraints both in production and marketing of turmeric and to suggest suitable measures. Multi stage sampling was used to select the sample, the total sample constitute of 80 farmers and 40 market intermediaries, thus making a total of 120 respondents The cost concepts given by Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) viz., Cost A?, A?, B?, B? C? and C? were used to work out the cost of cultivation. Cobb-Douglas production function was used to establish the functional relationship of turmeric production with its various input use. Marketing channels were identified and the price spread, producer's share in consumer's rupee was worked out. Garrett's ranking technique was used to analyze the major constraints faced by the farmers and market functionaries. It was found that average yield of turmeric was 14.73q/ha (dry produced). The total cost of cultivation was estimated to be ` 77,013/ha. Seed constitute the maximum variable cost and it shares 46.81 % of the total cost of cultivation. Gross income of ` 83,487/ha was obtained from cultivation of fresh turmeric, and ` 1,17,840/ha was obtained from production of dried turmeric. The net income of turmeric cultivation was estimated at ` 6,474/ha for fresh turmeric and ` 28,092/ha for dried turmeric with an additional expenditure of `12,735 on post-harvest management. Thus, it was observed that farmers obtained higher net income on selling of dried turmeric and the additional net income was worked out to be ` 21,618/ha. The cost of production per quintal of fresh, dried, and powdered turmeric was `1,568/q, ` 6,093/q and `7,017/q respectively. The results of Cobb- Douglas analysis revealed that the regression co-efficient of land and manures, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were significant. Regression co-efficient for human labour was negative and non-significant. An increase in expenditure on manure, fertilizer and plant protection chemicals would result in improving the production of turmeric. There is no scope of increasing production by adding more human labour. The value of R� was found to be 0.99. Seed constitute 36.71 % of the total production while the family consumption was 0.20% of the total production. The marketable and marketed surplus was found to be 63.08% and 60.56% to the total production respectively. In Jaintia Hills district, three major marketing channels were identified; Channel III was the most used channel as the farmers transacted 57% of their marketable surplus through this channel. Among the various problems faced by the farmers, the most serious problem in production of turmeric was lack of knowledge about pest control, where as high price fluctuation was the major problem of marketing faced by farmer. The most serious problem of market intermediaries was unavailability of proper storage facilities.